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Middle school
6–8
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Fractions
Adding without adding the bottoms
They do 1/2 + 1/4 and write 2/6. Both numbers get added.
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Problems
Read the story before the numbers
They see two numbers and multiply, or add, before they know what the question asked.
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Writing
One idea, then stop
The paragraph is a list of facts, or one sentence that never lands. A new idea sneaks in halfway.
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Grammar
The sentence, then the line of dialogue
They can name a noun or a verb, but they cannot say what the whole sentence is doing, or a line of dialogue is one lump with no speaker.
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Math
Multiply before you add
They do 2 + 3 × 4 from left to right and get 20.
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Math
Minus a positive moves left
They see −8 − 3 and take 3 from 8, as if the signs were not there.
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Math
Percent of means a part of
Asked for 20% of 80, they multiply 20 × 80.
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Math
The same stretch on the top and the bottom
They see 2/3 = ?/12 and cross-multiply without knowing which numbers belong together.
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Reading
Say what it was about in one breath
They can read every word of a paragraph and still cannot say what it was about.
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Reading
The page did not name the feeling
Asked what a character felt, they say it is not on the page, or they copy a sentence that never names a feeling.
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Writing
One claim, one fact
Asked for a claim and a fact, they write a list, or they copy a sentence from the page.
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Science
What you change, and what you watch
They mix up the independent variable and the dependent variable.
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Poetry
A poem does not have to rhyme
They hunt for rhyming words and skip a line that does not rhyme, or they read 'the classroom was a zoo' as if animals were in the room.
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